Accomplishments and Challenges Constitutional:
- 1965 Lyndon Johnson issued Executive Order 11246
This required companies that won federal government contracts to create programs for hiring more minorities, and in turn significantly affecting private sector employment practices.
-Executive order 11231 – Establishing the Vietnam Service Medal
Johnson established the Vietnam Service Medal with suitable circumstances. This is awarded to members of the armed forces who serve in Vietnam “waters or air space as defined by regulations” which mainly enabled people who served in Vietnam to receive a service medal.
“A President's hardest task is not to do what is right, but to know what is right.” Lyndon Johnson
Shared:
Congress and President Lyndon Johnson dealt with bills like the civil rights bill and the tax cuts. Since President Kennedy’s death, President Lyndon Johnson had to also take part on what to do during the civil rights. Congress and the President are supposed to work together to decide on what laws to make and it’s in the Amendments. President Johnson is trying to get Congress to help out in America making it a better country by making lands better and safer, getting cures for diseases, and to get more education.
"The Great Society program became Johnson's agenda for Congress in January 1965: aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide-scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime and delinquency, removal of obstacles to the right to vote." Lyndon Johnson
Dependant:
President Johnson wasn’t responsible for the Viet Nom. But he wanted to end the fighting that was actually in America when there was violence between the citizens and the soldiers. The fighti9ng both in the war and when the soldiers came home didn’t stop. After the re-elections and withdrawing as a candidate, President Johnson requested for peace by the unimpeded politics.
"The other crisis arose from Viet Nam. Despite Johnson's efforts to end Communist aggression and achieve a settlement, fighting continued." - Lydon Johnson
Loony:
24 – Statement by the president on announcing 88 new projects in the War on Poverty.
This statement by the president announced that in 33 states at the cost of 101,960,782. These new projects ranged from the building of $20 millions job programs for 50,000 high school students.
497 - Statement by the President Upon Instructing the Navy To Take Retaliatory Action in the Gulf of Tonkin.
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave the President the exclusive right to use military force without consulting the Senate, was based on a false pretext, as Johnson later admitted.
364 - Statement by the President on the Need for Firearms Control Legislation.
On October 22, 1968, Lyndon Johnson signed the Gun Control Act of 1968. This was one of the largest and far reaching federal gun control laws in American history. This act mainly represented a dramatic increase in federal power (Woolley).
“I'm tired. I'm tired of feeling rejected by the American people. I'm tired of waking up in the middle of the night worrying about the war.” – Lyndon Johnson
Executive Order:
15 Executive Order 11130 Appointing a Commission to report Upon the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
The purpose of this commission is to examine the evidence that the Federal Bureau of Investigation developed and any additional evidence that may the federal or state authorities that are uncovered. This is all in order to further the investigation as the commission finds “desirable”, to evaluate all the facts and circumstances concerning the assassination of Kennedy and the man who is charged with the killing.
Lyndon Johnson's Cabinet
Secretary of State Dean Rusk (D-NY) January 20, 1961 – January 20, 1969
Dean Rusk was a loyal Secretary of State of John F. Kennedy along with Lyndon Johnson and had a simple approach when it came to fulfilling his duties while in office. He helped Lyndon Johnson and served as a loyal cabinet member to Johnson. Johnson described Rusk as "Number One in the Cabinet and . . . Number One with me" (ABC-CLIO).
Secretary of the Treasury Douglas Dillon (R-Wash., D.C.) January 20, 1961 – March 31, 1965
Douglas Dillion is considered one of the most influential economic advisor in John F. Kennedy’s Cabinet and Lyndon Johnson’s. Dillon's most important accomplishments as secretary were reform in the tax policy and aid in founding the Alliance for Progress for Latin American countries.
Henry H. Fowler (D-VA) April 1, 1965 – December 20, 1968
During Fowler’s term as undersecretary of the treasury during John F. Kennedy’s term. But during Lyndon Johnson’s term he served as secretary of treasury. His efforts were directed towards keeping inflation at a low rate and reducing the balance of payments deficit. His longest-lasting achievement as secretary of the treasury was the reduction of the silver content in U.S. coins, to preserve the nation's silver reserves. Overall a good Secretary of Treasury but left due to wanting to return to private practice.
Joseph W. Barr (D-IN) December 20, 1968 – January 20, 1969
Barr was also one of the most influential voices in the treasury department in the 1960’s. He served in various capacities, including chair of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and secretary of the treasury. He also was the moving force behind such far-reaching initiatives as more widely available college student loans, a truth-in-lending bill, and campaign finance reform. After leaving government service, Barr returned to private business, where he was active for more than 30 years.
Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara (R-MI) January 20, 1961 – February 29, 1968
Robert McNamara served as secretary of defense for seven years under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He brought the Defense Department under strict civilian control and successfully introduced management techniques he had developed during World War II for the air force and as controller at Ford Motor Company. These accomplishments were overshadowed, however, by his failure to achieve neither a victory nor a quick withdrawal from the war in Vietnam.
Clark M. Clifford (D-MD) – March 1, 1968 – January 20, 1969
After more than two decades of service as a trusted adviser to three Democratic presidents, Clark Clifford concluded his public service career by serving as secretary of defense during the last year of the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (D-MA) January 20, 1961 – September 3, 1964
Robert F Kennedy served as Lyndon Johnson’s Attorney General after his brother’s assassination. He was an effective politician and did help Johnson’s presidency. And then ran a successful campaign to become senator of New York when he resigned.
Nicholas Katzenbach (D-Wash., D.C.) September 3, 1964 – September 21, 1966
n 1964, Katzenbach became acting attorney general upon Robert Kennedy's resignation, and he was confirmed as the attorney general in January 1965. During this time he continued to work for civil rights with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1966, Katzenbach left his position of attorney general to become undersecretary of state in Johnson's cabinet.
Ramsey Clark (D-TX) September 21, 1966 – January 20, 1969
Clark made his own name during his four years in the post and was promoted by President Lyndon B. Johnson to deputy attorney general in 1965. Clark's two-year stint as the most powerful attorney in America was filled with conflict and mixed success. He successfully prosecuted numerous Mafia elements and battled publicly with Hoover over the civil liberties of U.S. citizens exercising their First Amendment rights in public demonstrations, but he appeared committed to U.S. involvement in Vietnam when he prosecuted high-profile pediatrician Dr. Benjamin Spock for draft evasion in 1968.
Postmaster General John A. Gronouski (D-WI) September 24, 1963 – September 10, 1965
Gronouski was appointed postmaster general by President Kennedy in 1963. He was the first Polish-American Cabinet officer. As Postmaster General, he promoted the original five-digit zip code system, and worked to end racial discrimination against postal employees. He left the post office in 1965, when President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him United States Ambassador to Poland
Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall (D-AZ) January 20, 1961 – January 20, 1969
Udall oversaw the addition of four parks, six national monuments, eight seashores and lakeshores, nine recreation areas, 20 historic sites and 56 wildlife refuges to the National Park system. During Udall’s tenure President Johnson signed into law the Wilderness Act, the Water Quality Act, the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and National Trails Bill. Stewart Udall helped spark a cultural renaissance in America by setting in motion initiatives that led to the Kennedy Center, Wolf Trap Farm Park, the National Endowments for Arts and the Humanities, and the revived Ford’s Theatre.
Secretary of Agriculture
Orville L. Freeman (D-MN) – January 20, 1961 – January 20, 1969
Display enlarged image with caption
Orville Lothrop Freeman was secretary of agriculture in the administrations of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He tried to solve the problem of overproduction by farmers and made the excess food available for distribution to the American poor and foreign countries. Freeman also sought to raise farm income without corresponding increases in food prices for Americans. The food stamp program, which replaced free distribution of commodities, took place under Freeman. Ultimately, however, Freeman was unable to stop the decline in the numbers of family farms in the United States.
Works Cited
Peters, Gerhard. "Lyndon B. Johnson: Executive Order 11231--Establishing the Vietnam Service Medal." The American Presidency Project. Web. 24 Nov. 2010.
Woolley, John T. "Lyndon B. Johnson: Executive Order 11130 Appointing a Commission To Report Upon the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy." The American Presidency Project. Web. 24 Nov. 2010.
Woolley, John T. "Lyndon B. Johnson: Statement by the President on the Need for Firearms Control Legislation." The American Presidency Project. Web. 24 Nov. 2010.
Woolley, John T. "Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty : NPR." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. Web. 24 Nov. 2010.
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President 1963 – 1969
Accomplishments and Challenges
Constitutional:
- 1965 Lyndon Johnson issued Executive Order 11246
This required companies that won federal government contracts to create programs for hiring more minorities, and in turn significantly affecting private sector employment practices.
-Executive order 11231 – Establishing the Vietnam Service Medal
Johnson established the Vietnam Service Medal with suitable circumstances. This is awarded to members of the armed forces who serve in Vietnam “waters or air space as defined by regulations” which mainly enabled people who served in Vietnam to receive a service medal.
“A President's hardest task is not to do what is right, but to know what is right.” Lyndon Johnson
Shared:
Congress and President Lyndon Johnson dealt with bills like the civil rights bill and the tax cuts. Since President Kennedy’s death, President Lyndon Johnson had to also take part on what to do during the civil rights. Congress and the President are supposed to work together to decide on what laws to make and it’s in the Amendments. President Johnson is trying to get Congress to help out in America making it a better country by making lands better and safer, getting cures for diseases, and to get more education.
"The Great Society program became Johnson's agenda for Congress in January 1965: aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide-scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime and delinquency, removal of obstacles to the right to vote." Lyndon Johnson
Dependant:
President Johnson wasn’t responsible for the Viet Nom. But he wanted to end the fighting that was actually in America when there was violence between the citizens and the soldiers. The fighti9ng both in the war and when the soldiers came home didn’t stop. After the re-elections and withdrawing as a candidate, President Johnson requested for peace by the unimpeded politics.
"The other crisis arose from Viet Nam. Despite Johnson's efforts to end Communist aggression and achieve a settlement, fighting continued." - Lydon Johnson
Loony:
24 – Statement by the president on announcing 88 new projects in the War on Poverty.
This statement by the president announced that in 33 states at the cost of 101,960,782. These new projects ranged from the building of $20 millions job programs for 50,000 high school students.
497 - Statement by the President Upon Instructing the Navy To Take Retaliatory Action in the Gulf of Tonkin.
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave the President the exclusive right to use military force without consulting the Senate, was based on a false pretext, as Johnson later admitted.
364 - Statement by the President on the Need for Firearms Control Legislation.
On October 22, 1968, Lyndon Johnson signed the Gun Control Act of 1968. This was one of the largest and far reaching federal gun control laws in American history. This act mainly represented a dramatic increase in federal power (Woolley).
“I'm tired. I'm tired of feeling rejected by the American people. I'm tired of waking up in the middle of the night worrying about the war.” – Lyndon Johnson
Executive Order:
15 Executive Order 11130 Appointing a Commission to report Upon the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
The purpose of this commission is to examine the evidence that the Federal Bureau of Investigation developed and any additional evidence that may the federal or state authorities that are uncovered. This is all in order to further the investigation as the commission finds “desirable”, to evaluate all the facts and circumstances concerning the assassination of Kennedy and the man who is charged with the killing.
Lyndon Johnson's Cabinet
Secretary of State
Dean Rusk (D-NY)
January 20, 1961 – January 20, 1969
Dean Rusk was a loyal Secretary of State of John F. Kennedy along with Lyndon Johnson and had a simple approach when it came to fulfilling his duties while in office. He helped Lyndon Johnson and served as a loyal cabinet member to Johnson. Johnson described Rusk as "Number One in the Cabinet and . . . Number One with me" (ABC-CLIO).
Secretary of the Treasury
Douglas Dillon (R-Wash., D.C.)
January 20, 1961 – March 31, 1965
Douglas Dillion is considered one of the most influential economic advisor in John F. Kennedy’s Cabinet and Lyndon Johnson’s. Dillon's most important accomplishments as secretary were reform in the tax policy and aid in founding the Alliance for Progress for Latin American countries.
Henry H. Fowler (D-VA)
April 1, 1965 – December 20, 1968
During Fowler’s term as undersecretary of the treasury during John F. Kennedy’s term. But during Lyndon Johnson’s term he served as secretary of treasury. His efforts were directed towards keeping inflation at a low rate and reducing the balance of payments deficit. His longest-lasting achievement as secretary of the treasury was the reduction of the silver content in U.S. coins, to preserve the nation's silver reserves. Overall a good Secretary of Treasury but left due to wanting to return to private practice.
Joseph W. Barr (D-IN)
December 20, 1968 – January 20, 1969
Barr was also one of the most influential voices in the treasury department in the 1960’s. He served in various capacities, including chair of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and secretary of the treasury. He also was the moving force behind such far-reaching initiatives as more widely available college student loans, a truth-in-lending bill, and campaign finance reform. After leaving government service, Barr returned to private business, where he was active for more than 30 years.
Secretary of Defense
Robert S. McNamara (R-MI)
January 20, 1961 – February 29, 1968
Robert McNamara served as secretary of defense for seven years under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He brought the Defense Department under strict civilian control and successfully introduced management techniques he had developed during World War II for the air force and as controller at Ford Motor Company. These accomplishments were overshadowed, however, by his failure to achieve neither a victory nor a quick withdrawal from the war in Vietnam.
Clark M. Clifford (D-MD) – March 1, 1968 – January 20, 1969
After more than two decades of service as a trusted adviser to three Democratic presidents, Clark Clifford concluded his public service career by serving as secretary of defense during the last year of the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Attorney General
Robert F. Kennedy (D-MA)
January 20, 1961 – September 3, 1964
Robert F Kennedy served as Lyndon Johnson’s Attorney General after his brother’s assassination. He was an effective politician and did help Johnson’s presidency. And then ran a successful campaign to become senator of New York when he resigned.
Nicholas Katzenbach (D-Wash., D.C.)
September 3, 1964 – September 21, 1966
n 1964, Katzenbach became acting attorney general upon Robert Kennedy's resignation, and he was confirmed as the attorney general in January 1965. During this time he continued to work for civil rights with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1966, Katzenbach left his position of attorney general to become undersecretary of state in Johnson's cabinet.
Ramsey Clark (D-TX)
September 21, 1966 – January 20, 1969
Clark made his own name during his four years in the post and was promoted by President Lyndon B. Johnson to deputy attorney general in 1965. Clark's two-year stint as the most powerful attorney in America was filled with conflict and mixed success. He successfully prosecuted numerous Mafia elements and battled publicly with Hoover over the civil liberties of U.S. citizens exercising their First Amendment rights in public demonstrations, but he appeared committed to U.S. involvement in Vietnam when he prosecuted high-profile pediatrician Dr. Benjamin Spock for draft evasion in 1968.
Postmaster General
John A. Gronouski (D-WI)
September 24, 1963 – September 10, 1965
Gronouski was appointed postmaster general by President Kennedy in 1963. He was the first Polish-American Cabinet officer. As Postmaster General, he promoted the original five-digit zip code system, and worked to end racial discrimination against postal employees. He left the post office in 1965, when President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him United States Ambassador to Poland
Secretary of the Interior
Stewart L. Udall (D-AZ)
January 20, 1961 – January 20, 1969
Udall oversaw the addition of four parks, six national monuments, eight seashores and lakeshores, nine recreation areas, 20 historic sites and 56 wildlife refuges to the National Park system. During Udall’s tenure President Johnson signed into law the Wilderness Act, the Water Quality Act, the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and National Trails Bill. Stewart Udall helped spark a cultural renaissance in America by setting in motion initiatives that led to the Kennedy Center, Wolf Trap Farm Park, the National Endowments for Arts and the Humanities, and the revived Ford’s Theatre.
Secretary of Agriculture
Orville L. Freeman (D-MN) – January 20, 1961 – January 20, 1969
Display enlarged image with caption
Orville Lothrop Freeman was secretary of agriculture in the administrations of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He tried to solve the problem of overproduction by farmers and made the excess food available for distribution to the American poor and foreign countries. Freeman also sought to raise farm income without corresponding increases in food prices for Americans. The food stamp program, which replaced free distribution of commodities, took place under Freeman. Ultimately, however, Freeman was unable to stop the decline in the numbers of family farms in the United States.
Works Cited
Peters, Gerhard. "Lyndon B. Johnson: Executive Order 11231--Establishing the Vietnam Service Medal." The American Presidency Project. Web. 24 Nov. 2010.
Woolley, John T. "Lyndon B. Johnson: Executive Order 11130 Appointing a Commission To Report Upon the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy." The American Presidency Project. Web. 24 Nov. 2010.
Woolley, John T. "Lyndon B. Johnson: Statement by the President on the Need for Firearms Control Legislation." The American Presidency Project. Web. 24 Nov. 2010.
Woolley, John T. "Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty : NPR." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. Web. 24 Nov. 2010.